UPAYA PENINGKATAN KESADARAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENANGGULANGAN PENYAKIT DIABETES MELLITUS MELALUI PENGENALAN KONSUMSI TEH BELUNTAS DAN PEMERIKSAAN KESEHATAN RUTIN
EFFORTS TO INCREASE COMMUNITY AWARENESS IN MANAGING DIABETES MELLITUS THROUGH RECOGNITION OF PLUCHEA TEA CONSUMPTION AND EXAMINATION HEALTH ROUTINE
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), terutama tipe-2 merupakan penyakit degeneratif akibat perubahan pola hidup, ditandai dengan peningkatan gula darah (hiperglikemia) dan perubahan progresif terhadap struktur histopatologi sel beta langerhaens pankreas karena akumulasi radikal bebas dalam tubuh. Pengelolaan DM yang tidak tepat menyebabkan munculnya penyakit menahun lainnya, seperti jantung koroner dan gangguan mata. DM tipe-2 lebih mudah penanganannya, diantaranya diet pangan kaya polifenol, yang mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan serta antidiabetik, salah satunya teh beluntas (Pluchea indica Less). Konsumsi teh beluntas diharapkan menurunkan gula darah dan resiko lanjut. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan sebagai upaya penyadaran masyarakat dalam menanggulangi penyakit DM dengan memperkenalkan potensi teh beluntas, menyelenggarakan senam diabetes mellitus serta pemeriksaan kesehatan rutin, meliputi tekanan darah, berat badan, gula darah, total kolesterol serta hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) khusus bagi peserta DM di komunitas RS Gotong Royong, Surabaya. Kegiatan ini diikuti oleh 75 orang selama 3 bulan (Maret-Mei 2017) setiap hari Minggu mulai pukul 06.00-10.00 WIB (11 pertemuan). Hasil evaluasi diperoleh sejumlah 46% peserta hadir > 8 kali mengikuti senam diabetes mellitus dan pemeriksaan kesehatan, 24% peserta menderita pre hipertensi, 34% menderita DM, 39% memiliki kadar total kolesterol pada kategori perbatasan dan 37% berada pada katerogi berbahaya. Pemeriksaan HbA1c pada pasien DM dengan kadar gula darah >140 mg/dl menunjukkan bahwa 19% pasien beresiko DM dan 81% pasien benar menderita DM. Konsumsi teh beluntas 2 cangkir per hari pagi dan sore (2g/100mL) selama 2 bulan menurunkan gula darah dan total kolesterol, menurunkan keluhan seperti hilangnya rasa kesemutan dan berkurangnya rasa lelah yang berimbas peningkatan semangat beraktivitas.
Kata kunci : penanggulangan, diabetes mellitus tipe-2, teh beluntas, pemeriksaan kesehatan
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus (DM), especially type 2 is a degenerative disease due to changes in lifestyle, characterized by increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia) and progressive changes in the histopathological structure of pancreatic beta langerhaens cells due to accumulation of free radicals in the body. Improper management of DM causes the emergence of other chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease and eye disorders. Type 2 diabetes is easier to handle, including a diet rich in polyphenols, which have antioxidant and antidiabetic activity, one of which is beluntas tea (Pluchea indica Less). Consumption of beluntas tea is expected to reduce blood sugar and further risk. This community service was conducted as an effort to raise public awareness in tackling DM disease by introducing the potential of beluntas tea, organizing diabetes mellitus exercises and routine health checks, including blood pressure, weight, blood sugar, total cholesterol and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) specifically for DM participants. in the Community Hospital Gotong Royong, Surabaya. This activity was attended by 75 people for 3 months (March-May 2017) every Sunday starting at 06.00-10.00 WIB (11 meetings). The results of the evaluation showed that 46% of participants attended > 8 times diabetes mellitus exercise and health checks, 24% of participants suffered from pre-hypertension, 34% suffered from diabetes, 39% had total cholesterol levels in the border category and 37% were in dangerous categories. Examination of HbA1c in DM patients with blood sugar levels >140 mg/dl showed that 19% of patients were at risk of DM and 81% of patients had diabetes. Consumption of 2 cups of pluchea tea per day in the morning and evening (2g/100mL) for 2 months reduced blood sugar and total cholesterol, reduced complaints such as loss of tingling sensation and reduced fatigue which results in increased enthusiasm for activities.
Keywords: management, type-2 diabetes mellitus, pluchea tea, health examination
Downloads
References
[2] American Diabetes Association. (2019). diabetes symtomps. https://www.diabetes.org/diabetes/type-1/symptoms. Diakses tanggal 09 November 2021
[3] Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. (2013). Riset Kesehatan Dasar. Diakses dari http://www.depkes.go.id/resources/download/general/Hasil%20Riskesdas%202013.pdf . Diakses tanggal 09 November 2021.
[4] Astawan, M. 2021. Diabetes mellitus in brief. International Food Conference 2021. Agricultural Technology Faculty. Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University, November 3th 2021, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.
[5] Sihombing, M.R., Theresia, R.M. Sihombing dan I. Patrisia. 2019. Edukasi diabetes, pemeriksaan gula darah dan kolesterol di Gereja Kristen Pasundan Yeruel Cibubur. Prosiding PKM-CSR.2:490-496.
[6] Gotter, A. and V. Higuera. 2018. How diabetes affects women: symptoms, risks, and more. https://www.healthline.com/health/diabetes/symptoms-in-women. Diakses tanggal 09 November 2021
[7] The Global Diabetes Community. 2019. Guide to HbA1C. https://www.diabetes.co.uk/what-is-hba1c.html. Diakses tanggal 09 November 2021.
[8] Dinkes RI. 2005. Pharmaceutical care untuk penyakit diabetes mellitus. Jakarta
[9] Widyawati, P.S., T.D.W. Budianta, A. R.Utomo dan I. Harianto. 2016. The physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Pluchea Indica Less drink in tea bag packaging. International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences. 5(3):113-120.
[10] Srisook, K., D.Buapool, R.Boonbai, P. Simmasut, Y.Charoensuk dan E.Srisook. 2014. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of hot water extract from Pluchea indica Less. herbal tea. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 6(23):4077-4081.
[11] Werdani, Y.D.W. dan P.S. Widyawati. 2018. Antidiabetic effect of Pluchea indica Less tea as a functional beverage in diabetic patients. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR). 98:164-167.
[12] Widyawati, P.S., T.D.W. Budianta, D.I. Gunawan dan R.S. Wongso. 2015. Evaluation antidiabetic activity of various leaf extracts of Pluchea indica Less. International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. 7(3): 597-603.
[13] Azrimaidaliza, Isniati, R. Asri, Annisa, A. Mardina dan R. Sarita. 2018. Upaya peningkatan kualitas hidup dengan penerapan pola hidup sehat pada penderita diabetes mellitus dan hipertensi dalam klub prolanis. Logista-Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat. 2(1):48-56.
[14] Mahardini, R.P. 2016. Pembentukan kader diabetes terhadap partisipasi wanita usia lebih dari 40 tahun dalam pencegahan penyakit DM Tipe 2 di Desa Lengkong Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Skripsi, Universitas Negeri Semarang. http://lib.unnes.ac.id/27988/
[15] Harismi, A. 2020. Senam diabetes dan manfaatnya bagi kesehatan anda. https://www.sehatq.com/artikel/senam-diabetes-dan-manfaatnya-bagi-kesehatan-anda. Diakses tanggal 09 November 2021.
[16] Krakoff, L.R., R.L. Gillespie, K.C. Ferdinand, I.V. Fergus, O. Akinboboye, K.A. Williams, M. N. Walsh, C. N. B. Merz and C. J. Pepine. 2014. Hypertension recommendations from the eighth joint national committee panel members raise concerns for elderly black and female populations. Journal of The American College of Cardiology. 64(4):394-401.
[17] World Health Organization (WHO). (2003). Screening for type 2 diabetes.
https://www.who.int/diabetes/publications/en/screening_mnc03.pdf.Diakses tanggal 04 April 2013.
[18] Noya, A.B.I. 2018. Kena penyakit degeneratif lebih awal akibat gaya hidup buruk. https://www.alodokter.com/kena-penyakit-degeneratif-lebih-awal-akibat-gaya-hidup-buruk Diakses tanggal 09 November 2021.
[19] Dhorothea. 2014. Diabetes wajib control kolesterol.
https://health.kompas.com/read/2014/10/03/080000323/Diabetesi.Wajib.Kontrol.Kolesterol. Diakses pada tanggal 09 November 2021.
[20] Ouslan, R.I., D. Simbolon dan Septiyanti. 2016. Pola makan dan kadar kolesterol pada penderita stroke. Jurnal Media Kesehatan. 9(2):114-203.
[21] Prawitasari, D.S. 2019. Diabetes melitus dan antioksidan. KELUWIH: Jurnal Kesehatan dan Kedokteran.1(1), 47-51
