PENANGGULANGAN KEBUTAAN DI SUMATRA BARAT
BLINDNESS PREVENTION IN WEST SUMATRA
Abstract
Oftalmologi komunitas meliputi tindakan preventif, kuratif, promotif, dan rehabilitatif, dan merupakan suatu pendekatan holistik. Untuk mengembangkan suatu program oftalmologi komunitas, perencanaan awal harus mencakup penilaian epidemiologik dan demografik menyeluruh untuk menentukan prevalensi kebutaan di masyarakat. Berdasarkan hasil survei Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness di Indonesia, prevalensi kebutaan pada penduduk berusia di atas 50 tahun sebesar 3% dan utamanya disebabkan oleh katarak. Di Sumatra Barat prevalensi katarak cukup tinggi yaitu sebesar 2,3% dan operasi katarak massal merupakan metode strategi yang penting untuk menurunkan prevalensi kebutaan. Pada periode tahun 2017 hingga 2018, bagian ilmu kesehatan mata universitas andalas telah mengadakan beberapa kali operasi katarak masal di area terpencil provinsi Sumatra Barat, dengan total 284 pasien yang telah dilakukan operasi katarak dengan teknik bedah ekstrakapsular dan implantasi lensa intraokular. Tajam penglihatan lebih baik dari 6/18 sehari pascaoperasi didapatkan pada 53,16% pasien. Hasil ini belum memenuhi kriteria WHO sehingga peningkatan ketrampilan bedah residen oftalmologi dan juga penyediaan fasilitas penunjang seperti peralatan biometri sangat penting untuk meningkatkan persentase pasien dengan tajam penglihatan yang baik pascaoperasi katarak massal.
Kata kunci: Oftalmologi komunitas, Operasi katarak massal, Skrining refraksi sekolah, Glaukoma, Sumatra Barat
ABSTRACT
Community ophthalmologyinvolves preventive,curative, promotive, and rehabilitative activities,making it a holistic approach. In order todevelop a program in communityophthalmology, the initial planningmust include a thorough epidemiologicand demographic assessment to definethe extent of blindness within thecommunity. In Indonesia, based on Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness study, the prevalence of blindness in people with age more than 50 years old was 3% and mainly caused by cataract. In West Sumatra province itself, the prevalence of cataract was 2,3% and mass cataract surgery was the important strategic method to decrease the prevalence of blindness. In the period of 2017 until 2018, ophthalmology department of Andalas University had conducted several times social services of mass cataract surgery in remote area of West Sumatra province,with the total of 284 patients had received cataract surgery with extracapsular cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation. Visual acuity better than 6/18 in the day after surgery was found in 53.16% patients. This results didn’t yet meet WHO criteria so improvement of ophthalmology resident surgical skill and also provision of supporting facilities such as biometric measurement is essential to increase percentage of patients with good visual acuity after mass cataract surgery.
Keywords: Community ophthalmology, Mass cataract surgery, School refraction screening, Glaucoma, West Sumatra
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References
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